Guided lessons
Each lesson loads a scenario and stops the clock at the moment the idea lands. Every one of them is also written out below, so you can read it instead of running it, or both.
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One transaction, two protocols
Follow a single transaction from the RPC node to finality under TowerBFT and Alpenglow at the same time.
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Why votes on-chain cost block space
TowerBFT validators vote by sending transactions to the leader. See how much block space that consumes, and why Alpenglow blocks carry zero votes.
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Skip certificates
A leader goes dark in the middle of its window. Watch validators time out, vote Skip, and close the slots with certificates so the chain can move on.
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Lockouts and why partitions hurt TowerBFT
A 50/50 network partition. Both protocols stall safely; after the heal Alpenglow finalizes in under a second while TowerBFT needs its tower of lockouts to grow past the gap.
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20+20
Alpenglow tolerates 20% adversarial stake plus 20% offline stake. This lesson takes the offline arm: a fifth of the stake is dark, then the network splits. What still finalizes, and how does the cluster recover?